Pedagogy
Pedagogy is the science and art of education, specifically instructional theory. An instructor develops conceptual knowledge and manages the content of learning activities in pedagogical settings.
Modern pedagogy has been strongly influenced by the cognitivism of Piaget, 1926, 1936/1975; the social-interactionist theories of Bruner, 1960, 1966, 1971, 1986; and the social and cultural theories of Vygotsky, 1962.
These theorists have laid a foundation for pedagogy where sequential development of individual mental processes—such as recognizing, recalling, analyzing, reflecting, applying, creating, understanding, and evaluating—are scaffolded.
Students learn as they internalize the procedures, organization, and structures encountered in social contexts as their own schemata. The learner requires assistance to integrate prior knowledge with new knowledge.
Children must also develop metacognition, or the ability to learn how to learn.
Etymology
Etymology and generalizations:
The word comes from the Greek παιδαγωγέω (paidagōgeō); in which παῖς (país, genitive παιδός, paidos) means “child” and άγω (ágō) means “lead”; literally translated “to lead the child”. Other relevant roots from Greek include μικρό παιδί or toddler; αγόρι or boy child; κοριτσιών or girl child; μικρό παιδί or young child, indicating that παιδί is used with very young children of both sexes.
Academic degrees
These theorists have laid a foundation for pedagogy where sequential development of individual mental processes—such as recognizing, recalling, analyzing, reflecting, applying, creating, understanding, and evaluating—are scaffolded.
Students learn as they internalize the procedures, organization, and structures encountered in social contexts as their own schemata. The learner requires assistance to integrate prior knowledge with new knowledge.
Children must also develop metacognition, or the ability to learn how to learn.
Etymology
Etymology and generalizations:
The word comes from the Greek παιδαγωγέω (paidagōgeō); in which παῖς (país, genitive παιδός, paidos) means “child” and άγω (ágō) means “lead”; literally translated “to lead the child”. Other relevant roots from Greek include μικρό παιδί or toddler; αγόρι or boy child; κοριτσιών or girl child; μικρό παιδί or young child, indicating that παιδί is used with very young children of both sexes.
Academic degrees
The word comes from the Greek παιδαγωγέω (paidagōgeō); in which παῖς (país, genitive παιδός, paidos) means “child” and άγω (ágō) means “lead”; literally translated “to lead the child”. Other relevant roots from Greek include μικρό παιδί or toddler; αγόρι or boy child; κοριτσιών or girl child; μικρό παιδί or young child, indicating that παιδί is used with very young children of both sexes.
Academic degrees
An academic degree, Ped. D., Doctor of Pedagogy, is awarded honorarily by some U.S. universities to distinguished teachers (in the U.S. and U.K., earned degrees within the instructive field are classified as an Ed. D., Doctor of Education or a Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy). The term is also used to denote an emphasis in education as a specialty in a field (for instance, a Doctor of Music degree in piano pedagogy).
Contributors to Instructional theory.
A number of people have contributed to the theories of pedagogy, including:
• Rabindranath Tagore
• Paul Lewis
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Joseph Priestley
• Josef Albers
• John Asimakopoulos
• Caleb Gattegno
• Benjamin Bloom
• John Dewey
• Adolphe Ferrière
• Célestin Freinet
• Paulo Freire
• Friedrich Fröbel
• Eugenio María de Hostos
• Kurt Hahn
• John Hejduk
• Gloria Jean Watkins (bell hooks)
• John Amos Comenius
• Shinichi Suzuki (violinist)
• Janusz Korczak
• William G Perry
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
• Jean Piaget
• Miriam Roth
• Simon Soloveychik
• Rudolf Steiner
• Lev Vygotsky
• Henry Giroux
• Peter McLaren
• Maria Montessori
• Pierre Bourdieu
• Joseph Jacotot
• Tsunesaburō Makiguchi
• John Taylor Gatto
Pedagogues
• Rabindranath Tagore
• Paul Lewis
• Johann Friedrich Herbart
• Joseph Priestley
• Josef Albers
• John Asimakopoulos
• Caleb Gattegno
• Benjamin Bloom
• John Dewey
• Adolphe Ferrière
• Célestin Freinet
• Paulo Freire
• Friedrich Fröbel
• Eugenio María de Hostos
• Kurt Hahn
• John Hejduk
• Gloria Jean Watkins (bell hooks)
• John Amos Comenius
• Shinichi Suzuki (violinist)
• Janusz Korczak
• William G Perry
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
• Jean Piaget
• Miriam Roth
• Simon Soloveychik
• Rudolf Steiner
• Lev Vygotsky
• Henry Giroux
• Peter McLaren
• Maria Montessori
• Pierre Bourdieu
• Joseph Jacotot
• Tsunesaburō Makiguchi
• John Taylor Gatto